Miner and journalist. Educated at Mt Egerton Roman Catholic Preparatory and Superior public schools; aged thirteen when father was killed in a mining accident and also elder brother shortly afterwards; at age 15 began work on a gold battery at Bingara near Ballarat; worked in mines in other states including Mt Lyell, Tasmania; and at Cobar and Helensburgh; became a builders labourer in Sydney; arrived in Broken Hill in 1911, became a miner until 1917, became an editor from 1919 until 1937 and managing editor from 1937 until 1949; member of Miners' Union and Australian Journalists' Association; sent by unions to New Zealand during 1917 strike on fund raising mission; in retirement wrote history of the strike; member of Aborigines Welfare Board from 1950-1953.