This briefing note outlines: the principle of resource security, its advantages and disadvantages; the approach taken to resource security by the different jurisdictions across Australia; and the arguments for and against the use of resource security as a means of sustaining and promoting investment and growth in ventures dependent upon the exploitation of natural resources. This paper is not intended as an analysis of the implications of resource security for environmental law in Australia, although mention is made of possible difficulties eventuating from the implementation of any form of resource security in a legal sense.